Cutting-edge nano novel drug delivery carriers (NDCs) for tuberculosis (TB) management: insights into clinical trials and patent landscape

Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a global threat, worsened by MDR/XDR strains. Conventional therapies suffer from poor compliance, toxicity, and targeting. Nanotechnology-driven systems enhance bioavailability, targeting, and treatment efficacy. This review explores recent advances in novel drug delivery carriers for TB, emphasising clinical trial progress and global patent trends. It highlights key innovations, emerging patterns, and existing translational gaps in the field. A thorough literature search (March 1, 2020–March 1, 2025) across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Patents) is conducted to compile recent data on nano-formulations for TB treatment. The review highlights key Novel drug delivery carriers (NDCs) and others-as promising TB treatments. Patent trends show growing global interest, particularly from countries such as India, the United States, and China. NDCs offer transformative potential for TB treatment, addressing traditional therapy limits. Advancing research and patents show growing adoption, clinical success studies and scalable production.