Dosimetric Assessment of Absorbed Radiation Energy and Distribution of Various Types of Radiation in the Human Body

Radiation dosimetry is a fundamental discipline in radiation medicine, radiological protection, nuclear medicine, and radiation oncology. It provides quantitative information regarding the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in biological tissues and organs. Accurate dosimetric assessment is essential for ensuring the effectiveness of radiation therapy while minimizing harmful effects on normal tissues. The distribution of radiation energy within the human body is influenced by multiple factors, including radiation type, energy, tissue composition, anatomical characteristics, and exposure geometry. Different forms of ionizing radiation, such as photons, electrons, protons, heavy ions, alpha particles, and beta particles, exhibit distinct physical and biological properties that determine their penetration depth, energy deposition patterns, and biological effectiveness. Modern dosimetry combines advanced detector technologies, computational modeling, treatment planning systems, and quality assurance protocols to achieve precise dose estimation and optimization. Furthermore, understanding the distribution of various radiation types within the human body is crucial for clinical applications ranging from diagnostic imaging to cancer treatment and radiation protection. This review examines the principles of dosimetric assessment of absorbed radiation energy and analyzes the distribution characteristics of different radiation types in the human body. Emphasis is placed on fundamental dosimetric concepts, radiation interactions with tissues, methods of dose measurement, and the clinical significance of dose distribution in modern medical practice.