Statistical insights into premenstrual syndrome and dysphoric disorder: understanding menstrual health challenges in pre-university students

Abstract Objectives Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which typically occurs during the luteal phase, one week prior to menstruation. Menstrual health challenges encompass a spectrum of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. These challenges can significantly affect quality of life, academic performance, and social functioning among young women. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and severity of PMS and PMDD among pre-university students. Methods A total of 100 students were randomly selected as participants, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The instrument comprised three sections, including demographic information, menstrual patterns and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Classification of PMS and PMDD was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) criteria embedded within the PSST. Results Findings revealed that seven respondents met the criteria for PMDD, while 46 and 47 respondents were categorized as experiencing no/mild PMS and moderate to severe PMS, respectively. Students diagnosed with PMDD reported higher levels of menstrual pain and more frequent premenstrual symptoms compared to those with no/mild or moderate to severe PMS. These symptoms were found to interfere with daily activities and social interactions, underscoring the psychosocial burden of menstrual health challenges. Furthermore, PMS symptoms are known to persist across the reproductive lifespan and may continue during the menopausal transition. Conclusions Given these implications, raising awareness of PMS and PMDD is essential to safeguard the overall well-being of women, particularly in educational settings where menstrual health challenges can disrupt academic engagement and psychosocial development.