Ripple effects of disruptive events in the European freight transport network

Purpose This paper aims to advance understanding of freight transport network disruptions by reconceptualising them as systemic, multi-level phenomena. It examines how disruptive events originating in European freight transport networks generate ripple effects across transport networks, supply chains and society, and how resilience is expressed across these interconnected levels. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative, multi-stage research design combines focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data on four disruptive events is analysed using an analytical framework capturing ripple effects, intersectionality and resilience across transport network, supply chain and societal levels. Findings Disruptions generate ripple effects that propagate into supply chains and society. They vary in scale, scope and intensity, and intersect with existing vulnerabilities. Ripple effects are not linear but unfold through interacting and co-occurring dynamics across levels, highlighting the systemic nature of transport disruptions. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a limited number of qualitative cases and does not aim for statistical generalisation. It opens avenues for further research on multi-level disruption dynamics, ripple effects and transport network resilience. Practical implications The findings highlight the need for resilient transport infrastructure, improved coordination, and enhanced stakeholder communication to mitigate ripple effects. Social implications Freight transport disruptions have far-reaching societal consequences, emphasising the importance of preparedness, communication and disruption management. Originality/value The paper contributes to disruption and resilience literature by shifting analytical focus from individual firms and supply chains to freight transport networks and their societal embeddedness. By examining multiple disruptive events, it reveals shared vulnerabilities and recurring patterns of propagation.