Retrospective analysis of risk indicators for erosive tooth wear in patients from Midwest US

Abstract Objectives This retrospective study aimed to identify risk indicators for erosive tooth wear (ETW) in patients from the Midwest US. Materials and methods Clinical records from 2019 to 2023 were reviewed from 2,482 adult patients diagnosed with ETW at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry. A control group of 2,967 patients without ETW was randomly selected from the same timeframe. Data on demographic information, self-reported medical history, and oral health condition/habits were extracted. Logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05) was used to evaluate associations between ETW and potential risk indicators. Results ETW was significantly associated with age (35–54 years: OR = 1.24; p = 0.03), male sex (OR = 1.43; p < 0.001), parafunctional habits (OR = 1.44; p < 0.001), and eating disorders (OR = 1.90; p = 0.014). No significant associations were found for Social Deprivation Index (SDI), sleep apnea, dry mouth, toothbrushing frequency, alcohol use, or GERD. Conclusions Within the limitations of this retrospective study, age (35–54 years), male sex, parafunctional habits (clenching, grinding or bruxism), and eating disorders (bulimia and/or anorexia nervosa) were identified as significant risk indicators for erosive tooth wear. Recognition of these factors may support earlier diagnosis and tailored preventive strategies. Clinical relevance Dental professionals should be particularly attentive to patients aged 35–54 years, males, and those with parafunctional habits or eating disorders, as they are more likely to present with erosive tooth wear. Early identification of these risk indicators can guide preventive counseling and individualized management to reduce the progression and long-term impact of the condition.