Non-invasive Methods For Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Review

AbstractReducing the duration of orthodontic treatment has become an important goal in contemporary practice, driven by patient expectations and the need to minimize treatment related complications. This review outlines the biological mechanisms underlying orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and discusses non-invasive approaches developed to enhance its rate. Tooth movement occurs through a coordinated response of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, where controlled mechanical forces stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Several biochemical mediators, such as prostaglandins, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, cytokines, osteocalcin, and platelet-rich plasma, have been investigated for their ability to influence these cellular processes and accelerate tooth movement. Additionalagents, including relaxin, thyroid hormones, nicotine, and substance P, may alter tissue response, although their clinical use is limited by safety concerns and variable outcomes. Advances in genebased strategies, particularly those targeting the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, offer new possibilities for precise control of bone remodeling. Despite promising findings, further clinical research is essential to confirm their safety, effectiveness, and applicability in routine orthodontic care.