A New Triatomine on the Chagas Disease Scene: What We Know (and What We Do Not) About <i>Triatoma huehuetenanguensis</i> (Hemiptera; Reduviidae)

Background: Triatomines are a group of nearly 158 species of hematophagous insects known as kissing bugs. Several are recognized as important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma huehuetenanguensis , a triatomine described in Guatemala in 2019, is of particular interest, as it belongs to the dimidiata subcomplex, an epidemiologically important group in southern Mexico and Central America. Objective: This review integrates advances regarding its discovery, distinctive morphological characteristics, life cycle, feeding and defecation patterns, geographic distribution records, and recent contributions to its genetics. Results: This review identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning its taxonomy, ecology, genetic structure, ecological plasticity, and potential interactions with other members of the dimidiata subcomplex. These gaps all currently limit an accurate assessment of its role in the transmission of T. cruzi . For example, there is not yet sufficient knowledge of its genetics to establish its relationship with other species in the complex. Conclusions: Addressing these gaps through integrative and interdisciplinary research is essential to improve vector surveillance, risk assessment, and control strategies in endemic regions.