Analytical Solutions for Seismic Earth Pressure in Near‐Fault Regions

The seismic earth pressure in near‐fault regions remains a relatively underexplored area in geotechnical engineering. This study presents a novel analytical approach initiated by developing a modified response spectrum tailored to near‐fault conditions, derived through an extensive statistical analysis of actual ground motion records. By combining this spectrum with stochastic vibration theory, analytical solutions for the horizontal seismic acceleration distribution in backfill soils were formulated. Subsequently, by employing the limit equilibrium state assumption, analytical models were derived for seismic active and passive earth pressures. Validation via centrifuge shake table testing demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed conventional approaches in terms of accuracy, particularly in capturing the nonlinear spatial variation in acceleration distributions and seismic earth pressure intensity profiles under increasing peak ground acceleration levels, thereby confirming the capability of the novel method to address near‐fault seismic effects in the frequency domain.