Evaluating hygienic practices in cattle slaughterhouses and beef retail shops in Sidama region, Ethiopia: implications for public health

Foodborne diseases are a major global health problem driven by gaps in regulatory enforcement, resources, and food handler education. This study aimed to assess hygienic practices among slaughterhouse and retail shop workers in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023, involving 190 participants (40 abattoir workers and 150 retail shop workers) using structured questionnaires and direct observation. Significant hygiene lapses were observed, including the absence of hot water baths for cleaning knives, lack of handwashing sinks, and insufficient use of protective gear in abattoirs. In retail shops, risky behaviors such as displaying uncovered meat, lack of cooling facilities, and improper sanitation practices were prevalent. Only 45% of abattoir workers and 21% of retail shop workers demonstrated good meat handling practices. Notably, food safety training (AOR = 5.03, 95% CI = 1.09–23.22, P = 0.038) was significantly associated with better hygiene practices among abattoir workers. Among retail shop workers, both food safety training (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI = 1.30–12.07, P = 0.016) and higher educational level (AOR = 5.42, 95% CI = 1.62–18.11, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with better hygiene practices. The study concludes that inadequate education and limited training are key contributors to poor meat handling practices. It recommends the implementation of comprehensive training programs, ongoing education, and regular monitoring to improve compliance with food safety regulations and reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.