Plurethosomal Nanocarriers As A Promising Platform For Arnebin-1 Delivery In Wound Healing Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Wound healing is a complex physiological process that includes inflammation, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix modification. Chronic wounds continue to pose a significant healthcare burden because to delayed healing, infection, and the limited efficacy of current therapy. Herbal bioactive chemicals are increasingly being investigated due to their medicinal potential and minimal toxicity. Arnebin-1, a natural naphthoquinone found in Arnebia species, has potent wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. However, its clinical applicability is limited due to weak water solubility, instability, and low skin permeability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, particularly plurethosomal nanocarriers, present a promising option by improving drug loading, stability, flexibility, and epidermal penetration. This review focuses on the therapeutic role of Arnebin-1, plurethosome formulation strategies, dermal delivery routes, characterisation methodologies, benefits, limits, and future opportunities in wound healing therapy.