The Cosmological Constant: Why It Isn't Zero But Nearly So

The cosmological constant — Einstein's lambda — is the most famous fine-tuning problem in physics: its observed value is roughly 10^120 times smaller than any naive quantum field theory estimate. This tutorial explains how the UGP Physics / GTE framework addresses the cosmological constant problem. Rather than a coincidence or fine-tuning, the near-zero value of the cosmological constant emerges from the arithmetic structure of the GTE substrate: the MDL selection principle constrains vacuum energy contributions, and the discrete number-theoretic geometry of the generative polynomial produces a residual cosmological term that is small but nonzero by structural necessity.