Fenugreek and gut microbiota: effects, mechanisms, and health implications

Fenugreek supplementation in the diet is increasingly recognized for its significant impact on the modulation of the gut microbiome. The key bioactive compounds found in fenugreek, particularly galactomannans and soluble fibers, impart both prebiotic and therapeutic properties that can be beneficial for managing metabolic disorders. The soluble fibers found in fenugreek serve as food for beneficial gut bacteria, encouraging their proliferation and enhancing the diversity of the microbiota. This shift not only aids in the maintenance of gut health but also contributes to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are vital for metabolic health. SCFAs are known to have numerous beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory properties and a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Its use as a functional food ingredient has significant potential for future dietary strategies, particularly for strategies targeting gut health. The main objective of this review is to show the evidence of the role of fenugreek in the modulation of gut microbiota, production of SCAFs, and improving metabolic health.