Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review Article

AbstractTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) comprise a group of musculoskeletal conditions involving the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. They commonly present with orofacial pain, joint sounds, and restricted mandibular movement. The etiology is multifactorial, involving mechanical, psychological, and behavioral factors.Diagnosis is based on detailed history, clinical examination, and appropriate imaging to exclude other pathologies. Most cases are self-limiting and respond well to conservative management, including patient education, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and occlusal splints. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective long-term management and improved patient outcomes.