Variability of endothelial biochemical parameters and their association with cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes at Bafoussam Regional Hospital in Cameroon

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, promoted by vascular endothelial dysfunction. This work aims to analyze the variability of endothelial biochemical markers (endothelin-1 and eNOS) and their association with cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2D at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted between April and June 2025 on 100 patients. The markers measured included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, endothelin-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and troponin I. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26. Results: The results obtained showed a predominance of women (63%, n=63/100) over men (37%, n=37/100) and the age group of 35-64 years (62%, n=62/100) was the most represented. The levels of glycated hemoglobin (p-value=0.0232), LDL cholesterol (pvalue=0.039), and high total cholesterol (p-value=0.025), were significantly associated with endothelial dysfunction by the elevation of endothelin-1 and the decrease of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Similarly, high levels of endothelin 1 (p value=0.001) and low levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(p-value=0.002) were significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases through elevated blood troponin I levels.