Entropy-based estimation of velocity distribution and discharge using only maximum surface velocity in large rivers

The current research proposes a novel method for surface velocity distribution that relies only on the maximum surface velocity as input for the Entropy theory. To this end, three cross-sections were considered: two located just upstream and 35 km downstream of the confluence between the Negro and Solimões rivers, and one located farther upstream at the Manacapuru station. Data extracted from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) were used to verify the model’s results. The application of the Entropy model based on only the maximum surface velocity estimated the mean flow velocity and discharge with an accuracy lower than 11%. Furthermore, in some zones, the model captured the velocity dip, which plays an important role in determining the flow pattern and momentum transport processes. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the promising applicability of Entropy theory as a non-contact approach for estimating the cross-sectional velocity distribution and flow discharge in large-scale river systems.