Optimizing circular industrial integration for sustainable yarn production with remanufacturing: a carbon policy-based modelling approach

The rapid expansion of the textile industry presents critical challenges in achieving sustainable consumption and production. In response, this study develops an integrated sustainable production model for the yarn sector. The proposed model incorporates investments in green technology and wastewater purification systems, assessing their influence on both economic performance and environmental sustainability. The average integrated total profit of the system is optimized, and the model's practicability is demonstrated through a numerical illustration. The findings reveal that upcycling old garments enhances overall profitability by an average of 5.13% under both carbon pricing policies. Furthermore, while the CCT mechanism reduces green investment costs by 3.18%, the CT policy achieves a 2.29% reduction, highlighting the superior emission mitigation efficiency of the CCT approach. The suggested model advances sustainable production-consumption in the yarn industry by repurposing banana waste for yarn, and adopting the extended producer responsibility (EPR) directive, all while maintaining system profitability.