Design and Development of a Low-Cost, Open-Source FDM 3D Printer for Educational Applications

This work presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a low-cost open-source FDM 3D printer developed for educational institutions. The system employs a uPVC frame, Arduino Mega 2560 controller, RAMPS 1.4 shield, Marlin firmware, and a Bowden-type extrusion system. Experimental testing demonstrated dimensional accuracy of ±0.2 mm, thermal stability, and reliable operation during extended print sessions. The complete design emphasizes affordability, local manufacturability, and educational value.