Overcoming chemotherapy resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using multifunctional nanocarriers: current advances and clinical challenges

Chemoresistance is a primary challenge in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment. The review is developed to explore the potential of the nanocarrier strategy to minimize resistance in DLBCL treatment. The application of nanocarriers offers promising solutions to increase the drug delivery, avoid resistance, and minimize off-target delivery. Therapeutic strategies of nanocarriers with targeted delivery, gene-based therapies, and combination therapies are explained in the review. This review further evaluates the CXCR4 and Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1) efficacy through highly functional nanocarriers that control resistance in the drug pathways. Moreover, it is found that microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery through nanocarriers is beneficial to reduce the chemoresistance and resensitise the DLBCL cells. Furthermore, the review included the significance of multifunctional nanocarriers that combine drug delivery with a stimuli-responsive system and gene regulation that further releases therapeutics in a selective tumour environment. The treatment option is also associated with various challenges, like biological barriers, scalability, safety issues, and the specificity of targeting impacts on the clinical adoption of these technologies. The future research is recommended to focus on the optimization of the nanocarrier design, integration of nanocarriers, and conducting clinical and pre-clinical studies using other therapeutic modalities, that can improve the treatment outcomes for DLBCL patients.