Chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis: Early stage diagnosis, modern interpretation of pathogenesis, and prevention strategies for its development.

This article details the complex etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis (CRSwNP) and nasal polyps (NP), including Th2-type inflammation, cellular level changes, and the role of biofilms. Standardized scales of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) (Lund-Mackay, Lildholdt) for detecting the disease at clinical and subclinical stages are analyzed. The mechanisms of local glucocorticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and the latest innovative approach, biological therapy (monoclonal antibodies), which play a key role in preventing polyp formation and recurrence, are considered.