Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Derived from Gmelina Seeds

This study produced and evaluated biodiesel from Gmelina arborea seeds to assess its impact on diesel engine performance and emissions. Oil was extracted via Soxhlet method and converted into biodiesel through transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst. A B5 blend (95% diesel, 3% coco methyl ester, 2% Gmelina biodiesel) was tested on a CHANGGONG R190N single-cylinder engine with a Prony brake dynamometer at 1500–3000 rpm. Results showed that the B5 blend maintained comparable brake power and torque to conventional diesel. Emission analysis revealed reduced carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, while nitrogen oxides slightly increased. The study concludes that Gmelina biodiesel is a viable renewable fuel, supporting cleaner combustion and contributing to energy sustainability. (Biodiesel, Gmelina arborea, Engine Performance, Prony Brake Dynamometer)