BREAKTHROUGH POLICIES, INNOVATION, AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT (2018–2025)

Abstract This study examines the core drivers and persistent barriers shaping private sector development within the broader context of innovation, institutional reform, and digital transformation. Using a multi-method design, the research integrates bibliometric analysis from the Scopus database, secondary statistics from official sources, and expert interviews to obtain insights that extend beyond conventional quantitative evidence. The results show that private enterprises are increasingly affected by technological advancement, the green transition, and emerging models of economic governance, yet remain constrained by institutional weaknesses, infrastructure gaps, and limited managerial capacity. The study argues that meaningful breakthroughs require a coordinated approach that links institutional reform with stronger innovation capabilities, accelerated digital transformation, and more effective enterprise support systems. These findings offer a solid foundation for future research on policy impacts and firmlevel innovation dynamics.