Hard Problems in Cybersecurity: Past, Present, and Future

This article recounts the evolution of modern computing systems to provide an analysis of security risks and their evolution, with a past and present look at key cyber-defense innovations as well as a perspective on future cybersecurity hard problems.

Authors

Paul England
Tho Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5344-0045)
John Manferdelli

Institutions

National Academy of Engineering (US)
Davis Applied Technology College (US)

Publication Details

Journal: Communications of the ACM
Published: 2026-06-12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3815127
Primary Topic: Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 0.00

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article

Hard Problems in Cybersecurity: Past, Present, and Future

Paul England, Tho Nguyen, John Manferdelli

Jun 12, 2026

Communications of the ACM

Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies

article

Hard Problems in Cybersecurity: Past, Present, and Future

Paul England, Tho Nguyen, John Manferdelli

June 12, 2026article en

Abstract

Communications of the ACM

National Academy of Engineering (US), Davis Applied Technology College (US)

Openalex Percentile: Top 2%

Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies

DOI Source OpenAlex

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Hard Problems in Cybersecurity: Past, Present, and Future — Paul England, Tho Nguyen, et al. · Communications of the ACM (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS