Navigating Masculinity: The Influence of Media and Friendships on Heterosexual Men's Perceptions of Gay Colleagues in Indian Workplaces

This study investigates the impact of media portrayals and interpersonal friendships on heterosexual men’s perception of their gay colleagues in Indian workplaces. The research employs a qualitative approach to explore how stereotypes, cultural conditioning, and organizational policies lead to attitudes and behaviors toward LGBTQIA+ individuals. The findings from interviews with 25 heterosexual men show that media representations first reinforced stereotypical biases and portrayed gay men as effeminate or funny. However, contemporary portrayals and direct interpersonal friendships fostered empathy and greater acceptance. Personal interaction was found to facilitate shifts in expressed attitudes and masculine boundary negotiation. Cultural and religious influences initially created barriers, but exposure to inclusive organizational policies and diversity training led to sensitisation, professionalisation and acceptance. The findings also highlight the dual function of media as both a source of bias and a catalyst for change. The ongoing conversation on workplace diversity and inclusion, and the call for proactive policies, training, and media reform to normalize LGBTQIA+ identities is reinforced by the study. It concludes that friendships and organizational interventions build inclusive and equitable workplaces in India.