Interplay of Genetic and Biomarker Signatures in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Advancing Parkinson’s Disease Research Through EmergingOmics Technologies

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and misfolded α-synuclein aggregation. The pathophysiology of PD involves the interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and genetic variables. This review provides an overview of the ways oxidative stress and neuroinflammation interact with genetic and epigenetic pathways in PD, as well as how omics technologies have aided in the identification of biomarkers that can be targeted by treatments. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted as a narrative review. Using terms such as "Parkinson's disease," "oxidative stress," "neuroinflammation," "biomarkers," "genetics," and "omics," a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for research published between January 2012 and December 2025. Studies pertinent to PD-related molecular processes and biomarkers were included after articles were filtered based on titles and abstracts; non- English publications were eliminated. RESULT: According to recent research, oxidative stress and inflammation create a positive feedback loop that promotes neuronal death. The genes SNCA, LRRK2, and PINK1 have been associated with impaired mitochondria and mitophagy. PD-related RNA alterations, DNA methylation changes, and dysregulated miRNAs were discovered using omics approaches such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, and epitranscriptomics. BDNF, 8-OHdG, DJ-1, and phosphorylated α- synuclein are potential biomarkers for disease monitoring and diagnosis. DISCUSSION: In PD, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation work in combination with genetic, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic dysregulation to cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This highlights the importance of multi-omics integration for identifying reliable biomarkers and disease- modifying therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION: Precision medicine is facilitated by an integrative, multi-omics-driven strategy that improves our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of PD. Future research should focus on validating biomarkers, conducting longitudinal studies, and translating molecular discoveries into personalized treatments.