Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use

INTRODUCTION: The Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test (CRCT) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) written in English that is psychometrically validated to measure chronic rhinosinusitis control. Because the availability of translated PROMs is a driver of data equity-collection of data that is fair and generally representative-our objective was to create a library of translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT that could ultimately be used for patients worldwide. METHODS: A hybrid approach leveraging generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in collaboration with expert human linguists was employed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CRCT. For each target language, forward translations were performed with three large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT, Copilot, and Perplexity) after which an expert human linguist provided additional revisions that were used to create a consensus final translation. Backward translations were performed using LLMs (Claude, Copilot, and Perplexity). The accuracy and validity of translations at each step were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CRCT was achieved into 37 languages: Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Cantonese Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, European Portuguese, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, and Vietnamese. These translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT are made available in this article. CONCLUSION: Translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT developed in this study promote data equity by serving as a basis for psychometric validation of the CRCT for worldwide use.

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Journal
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
Published
2026-06-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.70194
Primary Topic
Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Type
article
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article

Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use

María Isabel Maldonado García, Dalibor Kučera, Paula Luegi, Detong Xia et al.
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
Sinusitis and nasal conditions
article

Translation and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test for Global Use

María Isabel Maldonado García, Dalibor Kučera, Paula Luegi, Detong Xia, Anna Babarczy, Gláucia V. Silva, Hanzhong Sun, Mila Tasseva-Kurktchieva, Katie M. Phillips, Paweł Urbanik, Anurag Rimzhim, Björn Köhnlein, Fatemeh Nami, Fuk‐chuen Ho, Agnieszka Biernacka, David L. Share, Ahmad R. Sedaghat, Eriko Sato, Katsuo Tamaoka, Luciano Perondi, Raymond Bertram, Tuomo Häikiö, Jody Ballah, Amna Mirza, Anabella-Gloria Niculescu-Gorpin, Irina Dubinina, Doğu Erdener, Sreeparna Sarkar, Yuehua Chen, Mable Chan, Kiranpreet Kaur Baath, Titima Suthiwan, Sivan Medina, Antônio R.M. Simões, Ali Garib, Hien Pham, R Malatesha Joshi, Rasmus Puggaard-Rode, Kwangoh Yi, Charlotte Stormbom, Yustinus Calvin Gai Mali, Manuel Perea, Portia Padilla, Oksana Kanerva, Teresa Civera, Stefan Milosavljević, An Van, Mohamed Y. Mwamzandi, Ali R. Abasi, Hye K. Pae, Minjeong Song, Li‐Yu Hung, Georgia Panayiotou
article en

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test (CRCT) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) written in English that is psychometrically validated to measure chronic rhinosinusitis control. Because the availability of translated PROMs is a driver of data equity-collection of data that is fair and generally representative-our objective was to create a library of translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT that could ultimately be used for patients worldwide. METHODS: A hybrid approach leveraging generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in collaboration with expert human linguists was employed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CRCT. For each target language, forward translations were performed with three large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT, Copilot, and Perplexity) after which an expert human linguist provided additional revisions that were used to create a consensus final translation. Backward translations were performed using LLMs (Claude, Copilot, and Perplexity). The accuracy and validity of translations at each step were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CRCT was achieved into 37 languages: Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Cantonese Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, European Portuguese, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, and Vietnamese. These translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT are made available in this article. CONCLUSION: Translated, cross-culturally adapted versions of the CRCT developed in this study promote data equity by serving as a basis for psychometric validation of the CRCT for worldwide use.

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (US), Stevens Institute of Technology (US), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US), University of Wolverhampton (GB), Università Iuav di Venezia (IT), University of Helsinki (FI), National Taiwan Normal University (TW), Center for Applied Linguistics (US), Hong Kong Baptist University (HK), Sewanee: The University of the South (US), University of Kansas (US), University of Turku (FI), University of South Carolina (US), Satya Wacana Christian University (ID), University of Graz (AT), Amirkabir University of Technology (IR), Universitat de València (ES), National University of Singapore (SG), University of the Punjab (PK), Mount Saint Vincent University (CA), Middle East Technical University (TR), Medical University of Graz (AT), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO), Helsinki Institute of Physics (FI), Gyeongsan Science High School (KR), Åland University of Applied Sciences (AX), Budapest University of Technology and Economics (HU), University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice (CZ), University of Cyprus (CY), University of Oxford (GB), Education University of Hong Kong (HK), Institute of Linguistics (CN), Hanoi University of Industry (VN), University of Warsaw (PL), The Ohio State University (US), Romanian Academy (RO), Stony Brook University (US), Nagoya University (JP), University of Cincinnati (US), University of Maryland, College Park (US), Brandeis University (US), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (CN), Rice University (US), University of the Philippines Diliman (PH), Korea University of Science and Technology (KR), Texas A&M University (US), University of Haifa (IL), University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CN)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Sinusitis and nasal conditions
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