Validity and Reliability of the Development of an Instrument on Perception and Behavior in the Use of Wearable Technology for Sports Activities

With the rise of digital technology, wearable devices like smartwatches and fitness trackers have emerged, allowing users to track their fitness activities instantly and more efficiently. Although the use of these devices is increasingly popular, understanding of user perceptions and behaviors, particularly within the Indonesian cultural context, remains limited. The purpose of this study is to create and test a valid and reliable tool for measuring how people perceive and use wearable technology in sports settings. Utilizing a quantitative survey method, data were gathered from 104 wearable device users across Indonesia through an online questionnaire. Analysis was conducted utilizing Pearson correlation tests for validity, construct validity through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and reliability tests utilizing Cronbach's Alpha. The results indicate that all 11 dimensions in the questionnaire, including the three additional dimensions of Self-Efficacy, Cultural Moderation, and Design & Usability, demonstrated high validity and reliability (α > 0.84). The SEM analysis showed that all loading determinant values were above 0.6, confirming the strength of the constructs. This finding indicates that the instrument effectively captures how people perceive and behave toward wearable technology, proving its validity and reliability.