Integrating Spiritual Mindfulness Into Transcultural Nursing Practice: A Systematic Integrative Review

Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly applied in health care; however, many remain grounded in secular Western paradigms that insufficiently reflect patients' spiritual and cultural worldviews. Within transcultural nursing, integrating spirituality into mindfulness may enhance cultural congruence and support holistic care. This systematic integrative review synthesized interdisciplinary evidence on spiritually integrated mindfulness interventions and their relevance for culturally congruent nursing practice. Guided by PRISMA, 28 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed. Findings indicate consistent improvements in spiritual well-being, psychological distress, coping, and meaning-making across diverse cultural contexts, particularly within Buddhist, Islamic, and Christian traditions. Spiritual mindfulness operates through interconnected mechanisms, including emotional regulation, spiritual connectedness, relational awareness, and compassionate engagement. Integrative synthesis informed by Watson's Theory of Human Caring and CIMO logic suggests that culturally congruent spiritual mindfulness practices facilitate meaning-centered adaptation and person-centered healing. These findings demonstrate the theoretical and practical relevance of spiritual mindfulness for transcultural nursing and highlight the need for culturally grounded and methodologically rigorous research to strengthen evidence-based holistic care.