One size does not fit all: Using Attention Restoration Theory to link preferences and outcomes of leisure activities

Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that leisure-based physical activities and nature exposure can improve positive, and mitigate negative, mental health conditions. However, personal preferences for activities and natural environments may influence individuals’ participation. Thus, mental health outcomes may be limited. University students who participate in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) (cadets) can be subject to additional negative mental health conditions, which could be remediated through ART leisure interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine cadets’ preferences for leisure-based physical activity, nature settings, and their perceived relationship to mental health conditions. Six focus groups (N = 54) were conducted to identify emergent themes. Cadets identified specific preferences for physical activity and nature settings. Additionally, they identified mental health benefits they associated with each. Implications for the development of customized interventions linking desired mental health outcomes to specific leisure-based physical activities conducted within specific natural settings are discussed.