A plain language summary of the final overall survival results from the TALAPRO-2 study comparing talazoparib plus enzalutamide with placebo plus enzalutamide for patients with advanced prostate cancer

Plain Language SummaryWhat is this summary about?This summary describes the final results from the TALAPRO-2 clinical research study. The TALAPRO-2 study tested a combination of two medicines called talazoparib and enzalutamide. These medicines were given together as the first treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in adult men. The combination of talazoparib plus enzalutamide was compared with a placebo plus enzalutamide.What were the goals of this final analysis?Researchers looked at whether combining talazoparib plus enzalutamide would increase the length of time patients lived (known as overall survival) compared with a placebo plus enzalutamide. Researchers were able to look at the final results of the study because the patients had been followed for longer. These final results included how long patients lived before their cancer got worse or they died (known as progression-free survival).Researchers also looked at the safety of talazoparib plus enzalutamide, which included the number and type of side effects that patients had during the study. Lastly, researchers asked the patients how they felt about their general quality of life.What are the key takeaways?A total of 805 men with mCRPC took part in the study. Patients who took talazoparib plus enzalutamide had a 20% lower chance of dying than those who took a placebo plus enzalutamide. The patients in the talazoparib plus enzalutamide group also had a 33% lower chance of their cancer getting worse or dying than those in the placebo plus enzalutamide group. The most common side effects of talazoparib plus enzalutamide were anemia (low levels of red blood cells), low levels of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell), and excessive tiredness or exhaustion.Clinical trial number: NCT03395197