Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Maxillary Anterior Teeth Splinted With Fiber‐Reinforced Composite and Stainless Steel Wire–Composite Splints Under Simulated Biting Forces

INTRODUCTION: To compare von Mises stress distribution and deformation patterns in maxillary anterior teeth splinted with fiber-reinforced composite and stainless steel wire-composite splints using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the maxillary anterior segment of a 10-year-old child was constructed from CBCT data. Two splint designs were simulated: a 27-gauge stainless steel wire-composite splint and a fiber-reinforced composite splint. A vertical load of 22 N was applied to simulate physiological incisal biting. Stress distribution and deformation were analyzed. RESULTS: The stainless steel splint showed higher peak stress concentration (up to 164.9 MPa) and greater deformation (~0.0219 mm), primarily at the central incisors. The fiber-reinforced splint demonstrated lower stress values (maximum 36.3 MPa), more uniform stress distribution, and reduced deformation (~0.0052 mm). Stress within the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remained minimal in both groups. CONCLUSION: Fiber-reinforced composite splints exhibited more favorable biomechanical behavior, with improved stress distribution and reduced deformation, suggesting potential clinical advantages in pediatric trauma management.