Automatic Fire Extinguisher Robot Using IoT and Autonomous Navigation

This paper presents an Automatic Fire Extinguisher Robot using ESP32, IoT connectivity, flame detection, smoke sensing, temperature monitoring, autonomous navigation, and obstacle avoidance. The system continuously monitors environmental conditions using a flame sensor, MQ-2 smoke sensor, DHT22 temperature sensor, and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. When a fire event is detected, the robot autonomously navigates toward the fire source, avoids obstacles, activates a relay-controlled water pump, and sends real-time alerts to a cloud-based IoT dashboard. Experimental evaluation demonstrated a fire detection accuracy of 97.2%, an average response time of 6.4 seconds, and an obstacle avoidance success rate of 94.1%. The proposed system provides a low-cost, scalable, and intelligent fire safety solution suitable for industrial plants, warehouses, smart buildings, residential environments, and smart city applications.