Robotic-Assisted Resection of High-Grade Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PRMC) is an exceptionally rare malignancy of uncertain histogenesis, with fewer than 110 cases reported in the literature since its initial characterization in 1965. PRMC typically presents as a large cystic retroperitoneal mass, but diagnosis remains challenging due to nonspecific imaging features and lack of biomarkers. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of management, while the role of adjuvant therapies remains controversial. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with high-grade PRMC successfully managed with robotic-assisted resection, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported malignant PRMC resection via this technique. We supplement this report with a literature review of clinicopathological features, proposed histogenesis, and therapeutic outcomes.