Supply chain digitalization, process integration and resilience as drivers of supply chain viability in manufacturing: evidence from structural equation modeling and necessary condition analysis

Purpose This study examines how supply chain digitalization and process integration influence supply chain resilience and viability among manufacturing firms. Drawing on dynamic capability theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework, it investigates the mediating role of supply chain process integration and the necessary conditions for achieving superior resilience and viability. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from 300 manufacturing firms in Ghana were collected. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) using AMOS software was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. Necessary condition analysis (NCA) was subsequently applied to determine the threshold requirements for supply chain resilience and viability. Findings Supply chain digitalization positively influences supply chain resilience and viability. Financial and physical flow integration partially mediate the digitalization-resilience relationship, while supply chain resilience mediates the relationship between process integration dimensions and viability. NCA reveals that digitalization and resilience are foundational necessary conditions, followed sequentially by financial and physical flow integration, and finally by information flow integration at advanced performance levels. Originality/value This study advances supply chain viability research by integrating dynamic capability theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework to explain how digitalization drives process integration, which in turn enhances resilience and viability. It is among the first to combine CB-SEM and NCA in this domain, enabling differentiation between sufficient and necessary capabilities for resilience and viability in resource-constrained manufacturing contexts.