Local thermal non-equilibrium effects on microorganisms in ternary hybrid nanofluid with chemical reaction: Comparative analysis

The chemical reactive flow of an MHD ternary hybrid nanofluid with LTNE effects and microorganisms is briefly examined in this study using the extended Xue, Yamada-Ota, and Hamilton Crosser models. Momentum is estimated with consideration for the Darcy Forchheimer porous medium effect. This model aims to assess the performance of three THNF (trihybrid nanofluid) models: YOM, Xue, and Hamilton-Crosser. The development of cutting-edge biotechnology applications like targeted medication delivery systems and bio-remediation techniques can benefit from the valuable insights that this research provides into how microorganisms behave in intricate fluid environments. Additionally, knowing how these microorganisms interact in non-equilibrium thermal environments in nanofluid systems can be used to design more effective heat transfer systems and optimize thermal management in a variety of industrial processes, ultimately leading to increased energy efficiency and sustainability. The system of ODEs derived from the leading PDEs is solved by the MATLAB solver bvp4c package using suitable similarity variables to produce the numerical solution. The impacts of the appropriate values on the relevant fields have been illustrated graphically. It is crucial to note that the YOM and Xue ternary hybrid nanofluid models have an even greater effect than the HCM. When the interphase heat transfer characteristic increases, the thermal profile of the liquid phase rises and that of the solid phase decreases.