Training on the Quadriceps of Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Abstract Joint diseases are inflammatory disorders that significantly impair individuals’ quality of life. In general, the progression of different types of arthritis leads to functional disability and difficulty in performing both daily and occupational tasks, along with a reduction in life expectancy. In this context, synovial joints are the primary structures affected, exhibiting inflammation and tissue damage in articular and periarticular regions. To better understand their pathophysiology and to establish effective treatment protocols, the standardization of experimental models is of great value. This study aimed to compare histomorphological alterations in three experimentally induced joint disease models using Wistar rats. Twenty male rats, approximately 3 months old, were randomly divided into four groups (n ¼ 5): CON – control; ART – rheumatoid arthritis; ARE – reactive arthritis; and OAR – osteoarthritis. After experimental induction of the arthritis models, animals were euthanized by anesthetic overdose, and knee joints were collected for histomorphometric analysis under light microscopy. The results demonstrated similarities between the ART and ARE models regarding the development of synovitis. In contrast, the articular cartilage in the ARE and OAR groups exhibited more pronounced alterations in chondrocyte distribution. Both models successfully mimicked joint events associated with rheumatic diseases, making them promising tools for experimental research into inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.