Vanishing surface energy density for thin shells in generalized Vaidya spacetimes

For any generalized Vaidya spacetime with mass function [Formula: see text] matched to a standard Vaidya exterior across a timelike thin shell at fixed areal radius [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the angular extrinsic curvature jump vanishes identically, [Formula: see text], and the surface energy density is [Formula: see text], in all spacetime dimensions [Formula: see text]. The proof is algebraic: the angular extrinsic curvature depends only on the boundary value of the mass function, which is shared by both sides when the exterior carries the same Misner–Sharp mass at [Formula: see text]. The result is independent of [Formula: see text] and of [Formula: see text]. The shell is a pure stress membrane carrying tangential pressure [Formula: see text] but zero proper shell mass. The theorem is verified in [Formula: see text] for Vaidya–Bonnor, regular black hole (general [Formula: see text]), and Hayward mass functions, in [Formula: see text] for Vaidya–Bonnor and Hayward, and computationally across [Formula: see text] through [Formula: see text]. For all verified cases with [Formula: see text], the null, weak, and strong energy conditions hold on the shell while the dominant energy condition is violated.

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Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
Published
2026-06-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219887826502567
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
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article

Vanishing surface energy density for thin shells in generalized Vaidya spacetimes

Brandon Yates
International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
article

Vanishing surface energy density for thin shells in generalized Vaidya spacetimes

Brandon Yates
article en

Abstract

For any generalized Vaidya spacetime with mass function [Formula: see text] matched to a standard Vaidya exterior across a timelike thin shell at fixed areal radius [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the angular extrinsic curvature jump vanishes identically, [Formula: see text], and the surface energy density is [Formula: see text], in all spacetime dimensions [Formula: see text]. The proof is algebraic: the angular extrinsic curvature depends only on the boundary value of the mass function, which is shared by both sides when the exterior carries the same Misner–Sharp mass at [Formula: see text]. The result is independent of [Formula: see text] and of [Formula: see text]. The shell is a pure stress membrane carrying tangential pressure [Formula: see text] but zero proper shell mass. The theorem is verified in [Formula: see text] for Vaidya–Bonnor, regular black hole (general [Formula: see text]), and Hayward mass functions, in [Formula: see text] for Vaidya–Bonnor and Hayward, and computationally across [Formula: see text] through [Formula: see text]. For all verified cases with [Formula: see text], the null, weak, and strong energy conditions hold on the shell while the dominant energy condition is violated.

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Vanishing surface energy density for thin shells in generalized Vaidya spacetimes — Brandon Yates · International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS