Engineering Education for the Energy Transition: Shaping Up New Human Resources

This review focuses on the challenges of adapting engineering and economics training, seeking to integrate different tools related to energy transformation and transition. Academic training must incorporate multi- and interdisciplinary knowledge associated with energy transformation and transition issues, such as alternative non–fossil fuel raw materials, biofuels, and other fields based on climate sciences, engineering, economics, and environmental regulation. We highlight the main areas of knowledge so that new professionals can deal with the different dimensions—technological, economic, environmental, political, and institutional—associated with the goals of energy transformation and transition. To this end, we review methods known in the literature as problem-based learning and project-based learning. To illustrate these issues, this review examines the progress and limitations of Brazil's Human Resources Program, managed by a federal regulatory body, the National Petroleum Agency.