Influence of weaving architectures on the physical and mechanical properties of technical textiles based on Moroccan natural fibers

This study examines the influence of fabric characteristics on the performance of technical textiles. Six 2D woven structures made from natural sisal fibers, sourced from southern Morocco, were evaluated for water and air absorption, as well as tensile, tear, and abrasion properties and were then compared to the basic plain weave. Structural parameters, such as yarn density, weave density, and porosity, were analyzed to establish a clear structure–property correlation, highlighting the novelty of using Moroccan sisal for technical applications. The results revealed that the plain weave exhibited the best mechanical properties (maximum tensile strength of 985 N in warp and 963 N in weft), followed by the twill weave, which had lower water and air absorption. For example, the satin structure (S4) exhibited a porosity of 82.45%, ∼14% higher than the plain weave (S1, 76.13%), explaining its higher water absorption. Weave density played a key role in mechanical performance. The satin structure, with a low weave density, exhibited the weakest resistance to tensile, tear, and abrasion forces, as well as higher water absorption and air permeability. The reps structure, with a houndstooth weave, displayed superior mechanical properties in the warp direction, offering valuable insights for optimizing textile design. These findings provide a clear understanding of how different Moroccan sisal woven structures perform, enabling their targeted application in various technical textiles. Plain weave and twill, with their balanced mechanical strength and moderate porosity, are particularly suited for geotextiles and load-bearing fabrics, where uniform strength is crucial. The satin weave, characterized by higher porosity and enhanced water and air permeability, is ideal for filtration textiles and moisture-wicking applications. Reps fabrics, exhibiting directional mechanical superiority, could be exploited in directional load applications or specialized composite reinforcements. This correlation between weave structure, performance, and potential use demonstrates the practical relevance of selecting appropriate weaving patterns for specific industrial needs.