Assessing the role of blockchain technology in supply chain management to improve organisation's performance

Purpose This study investigates the impact of blockchain technology (BCT) within supply chain management (SCM) to enhance organisational performance. It examines how BCT attributes influence supply chain collaboration (SCC), which affects environmental, economic and operational performance using the resource-based view (RBV) theory. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 288 supply chain professionals from China. The research framework was analysed using structural equation modelling through SPSS 23 and AMOS 24 software to validate the proposed relationships. Findings The analysis reveals that SCC significantly enhances operational, environmental and economic performance in SCM. Notably, environmental performance is found to have a robust and positive impact on operational performance, while economic performance similarly contributes to improving operational efficiency. Moreover, the study identifies IT alignment as a critical moderator, strengthening the influence of SCC on both environmental and economic performance. Ultimately, this research underscores the essential role of SCC and IT alignment in driving supply chain performance across these three dimensions, highlighting the strategic importance of these factors for organisations aiming to enhance their competitive advantage and operational success. Originality/value This study successfully presents SCC as a second-order construct and highlights its crucial role in driving performance outcomes in SCM. Interestingly, by introducing IT alignment as a moderator, the study provides new insights into how the integration of technology infrastructure enhances the effectiveness of SCC in improving performance, ultimately helping organisations enhance their competitive advantage and operational success.