Flexibility Evaluation Method for Aggregated Multi-Type Energy Storage Stations in Multi-Market Environments

This study addresses the unclear regulation capability boundaries and resource dispatching challenges caused by the heterogeneity and market volatility of dispersed energy storage resources. A flexibility evaluation method for aggregated multi-type energy storage stations in multi-market environments is proposed. The approach first constructs an operation model to maximize revenues from both energy and frequency regulation (FR) markets, which informs the capacity allocation between the two. Next, a Minkowski-based aggregation method for heterogeneous resources is proposed to characterize the physical boundaries of aggregated energy storage in the power–energy–time space. Finally, peak regulation and frequency regulation response rates are defined as indicators to quantitatively analyze the dynamic relationship between price signals and the flexibility potential of energy storage. The results demonstrate that that the method can clearly delineate the physical boundaries of the energy storage system and effectively evaluate the flexibility of the energy storage system. This indicates that the method can guide grid operators in optimizing resource allocation and improving system flexibility.