System-level integration of halide perovskite optoelectronics for its commercial deployment

Halide perovskites have emerged as a compelling material for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, phototransistors, light-sensing and imaging systems. To enable practical application and compatibility with existing consumer electronics, they must be integrated with heterogeneous electronic platforms, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chips or thin-film transistors. Such integration is pivotal for transitioning perovskite technologies from laboratory demonstrations to commercial applications. In this perspective, we summarize recent progress in the system-level integration of perovskite optoelectronics with driving backplanes, compare key performance metrics with industrial benchmarks, discuss major challenges, and outline future directions and application prospects for perovskite optoelectronics. This Perspective discusses recent advances in the heterogeneous integration of perovskite optoelectronic devices with driving backplanes, outlines the key challenges and promising future directions, and highlights emerging opportunities for system-level integration of perovskite optoelectronics.