A computational framework for the modelling of PV under partial shading with faults

The single-diode model is widely used in photovoltaic module analysis due to its favorable balance of accuracy and simplicity. However, its implicit nature presents challenges for simulation, particularly in large-scale applications. This work introduces a model-based photovoltaic module designed to handle faults under partial shading conditions. The proposed method employs the Lambert W function to derive an explicit current-voltage relationship. This approach eliminates the need for computationally intensive I-V curve simulations, ensuring both high accuracy and rapid convergence. Beyond performance modeling, photovoltaic module face reliability challenges from faults like line-to-ground and line-to-line faults. These issues are especially problematic under partial shading or low irradiation, where conventional detection methods are often insufficient. The proposed technique addresses these limitations by applying the Lambert W function to fault analysis. The method’s effectiveness is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations using 6 × 4 and 3 × 2 experimental setups, demonstrating its performance across a range of operating conditions.