Research on the agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of rural leisure tourism destinations in Guizhou, China

An in-depth exploration of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of "China's Beautiful Leisure Villages" (CBLV) has been conducted in Guizhou, in order to promote the diversified development of the rural economy and support rural revitalization, based on the point-axis theory and spatial agglomeration theory, and employing methods such as the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, and kernel density analysis. The research indicates that CBLV in Guizhou are predominantly characterized by ethnic customs and pastoral landscapes, reflecting their dual advantages in ethnic and natural resources. Their spatial distribution exhibits significant agglomeration, forming a "one core, two sub-cores" structure centered around Anshun–Guiyang, with Xingyi and Tongren as secondary cores, reflecting a resource agglomeration development model. This pattern is influenced by multi-scale factors and follows a generative logic of policy-driven as the dominant force, with cultural and locational endowments at its core. In other words, the spatial agglomeration of CBLV in Guizhou does not depend on the overall regional income level. Instead, policy planning serves as the key driver, while ethnic culture and natural landscapes act as core endowments.