Copper-Integrated Aminated/Amidine-Functionalized Acrylic Textile for High-Stability HRP Immobilization and Bisphenol A Removal

This work introduces a textile-based platform for biocatalysis by integrating a copper-based hybrid domain onto aminated/amidine-functionalized acrylic textile (TAC–Cu), producing a functional bio-textile capable of high-performance enzyme immobilization. The textile substrate was chemically modified with ethylenediamine to generate amine/amidine-type functional groups, enabling in situ formation of copper-based hybrid structures through either a conventional solvothermal approach or a plant-mediated route employing Costus speciosus extract. The green-synthesized TAC–Cu composite exhibited superior structural uniformity, improved porosity, and enhanced surface chemistry, resulting in a higher horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization yield (92%) compared with the chemically synthesized analogue. The resulting HRP-functionalized bio-textile demonstrated markedly improved catalytic behavior, including a reaction rate constant nearly twice that of the free enzyme, and strong operational robustness. As a technical textile engineered for environmental applications, the composite achieved 90% bisphenol A (BPA) removal within 90 min and retained substantial enzymatic activity even at 80 °C, whereas free HRP was almost fully deactivated. Overall, this study highlights the potential of eco-engineered TAC–Cu materials as a new class of functional and sustainable bio-textiles, combining enzyme stabilization, high catalytic efficiency, and suitability for wastewater treatment and other technical textile applications.