Postpartum Depression in the United States: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Contemporary Management With Emphasis on Emerging Therapeutic and Digital Care Models

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern in the United States, affecting many women after childbirth and contributing to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, and management of PPD, with particular attention to emerging therapeutic and digital care approaches. A systematic search of major databases identified 25 eligible studies published between 2010 and 2026. The findings indicate that PPD remains prevalent, with disparities strongly associated with race, socioeconomic status, and access to care. Risk factors are multifactorial and include prior mental illness, low social support, unintended pregnancy, and psychosocial stressors, with growing evidence also pointing to genetic contributions. Symptoms may emerge at different stages of the postpartum period, underscoring the importance of ongoing screening rather than a single assessment. While psychotherapy and antidepressant therapy remain the foundation of treatment, newer strategies such as telehealth, mobile health applications, and wearable technologies show promise in improving early detection and access to care. Overall, addressing PPD requires integrated, equitable, and patient-centered approaches to improve maternal and child health outcomes.