Redefining Teacher Measurement Literacy in a Transforming Assessment Landscape: A Validated Three-Dimensional Framework

While assessment literacy has long guided teacher’ assessment practice, the rise of digital assessment presents new challenges in educational measurement, necessitating a renewed focus on Teacher Measurement Literacy (TML). This study reconceptualizes TML and develops a validated framework to support teachers in this evolving context. Using the Delphi method, a three-dimensional, 14-element TML framework was refined through two rounds of expert consultation, demonstrating increased consensus. A corresponding instrument was then administered to 306 pre-service teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, likelihood ratio tests comparing nested Rasch models indicated that a three-dimensional model provided a significantly better fit to the data than a unidimensional alternative. Cross-validation with a sample of 297 in-service teachers further supported the robustness of the multidimensional framework. These findings validate the proposed three-dimensional conception of TML and offer empirical grounding to strengthen teachers’ capacity in the context of evolving measurement practices.