Techno-Economic Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid Microgrids: A Hybrid PSO-GWO Approach for Izmir Province

The increasing utilization of renewable energy sources is crucial for ensuring energy supply security and reducing carbon emissions. However, the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy complicates their grid integration and optimal sizing. In this study, a techno-economic optimization was performed for a pilot microgrid system comprising 20 residences in Izmir, Turkey, using current market data and real-time meteorological data. For the optimal design of the system, a novel Hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm, which combines the strengths of PSO and GWO and possesses high capability to avoid local optima stagnation, is proposed. Two different scenarios, "Economic" and "Resilient", were analyzed within the scope of the study. Simulation results demonstrated that the PV/Grid combination is the most profitable option in the cost-oriented scenario, with a Net Present Cost (NPC) of 119,001 $ and a payback period of 3.2 years. In the scenario prioritizing energy security, battery and wind turbines were integrated into the system, ensuring uninterrupted energy supply with only a 10.8% increase in NPC (131,917 $). Furthermore, statistical analyses demonstrated that the proposed model performed better than standard methods. This study serves as an up-to-date reference for resilient and economic microgrid applications in Turkey's energy transition process.