Identifying Multidimensional Indicators for the Orang Asli Socio-Development Index Instrument

HRMARS - This study examines the need for a socio-development index instrument for the Orang Asli community in Perak, Malaysia. Existing development measurements are often based on general indicators that do not fully reflect the multidimensional realities, cultural values, and lived experiences of the Orang Asli community. Therefore, this study aims to identify the multidimensional indicators and sub-indicators for an Orang Asli socio-development index instrument using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The study involved twenty Orang Asli representatives who participated in group discussions to identify and prioritise the dimensions of the socio-development index instrument. The findings revealed nine main indicators and thirty-three sub-indicators relevant to the socio-development index for the Orang Asli community. Among these, land recognition emerged as the highest priority, followed by cultural heritage empowerment, policy and legislation, level of educational achievement, economic empowerment, level of healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, and leadership empowerment. The findings demonstrate that socio-development among the Orang Asli extends beyond economic aspects to include social, cultural, educational, and well-being dimensions. This study contributes to the development of a more holistic and context-specific socio-development index instrument that may assist policymakers, government agencies, and relevant stakeholders in planning and evaluating development initiatives that are more relevant and better aligned with the needs and identity of the Orang Asli community.