Development of the Hellenic coastal vulnerability index (HCVI). A national-scale assessment of coastal vulnerability in Greece

As the effects of climate change become increasingly severe, especially in coastal areas where vulnerability is significantly higher, the need for well-developed adaptation strategies and planning frameworks is more pressing than ever. Such measures are essential not only to reduce the impacts of coastal hazards but also to strengthen the long-term sustainability and resilience of these regions. This study aims to produce the first national-scale coastal vulnerability map of Greece, with the goal of identifying and prioritizing areas most at risk from coastal erosion. To assess vulnerability, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) was selected due to its widespread use and proven effectiveness. A modified version, the Hellenic Coastal Vulnerability Index (HCVI), was applied across the entire Greek coastline to deliver a comprehensive evaluation. The resulting HCVI map combines multiple classification approaches into a single, integrated product. HCVI outcomes categorize coastal areas along a spectrum from very low to very high vulnerability. The spatial analysis consistently identifies three regions as highly vulnerable across all scenarios and methods: Western Greece, the Thermaikos Gulf, and Eastern Macedonia–Thrace. This broader spatial assessment helps pinpoint critical hotspot areas that require priority attention and more detailed local studies to support informed decision-making.