Application of Magnesium Metal as Anode in Batteries

ABSTRACT Magnesium metal is a highly attractive anode candidate for next‐generation metal batteries owing to its intrinsically low propensity for dendrite formation, high volumetric capacity (3833 ), earth‐abundant reserves, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental benignity. Beyond conventional magnesium‐ion batteries, the unique properties of magnesium metal have also stimulated its application in emerging systems such as aqueous magnesium‐ion batteries, magnesium–lithium hybrid batteries, and magnesium primary batteries. However, the practical implementation of magnesium metal anodes is severely hindered by persistent surface passivation, along with challenges such as volume change and uneven deposition/stripping during cycling. To overcome these limitations, various strategies have been proposed, including structural design of magnesium metal anodes, the development of alloy‐type anodes, electrolyte engineering, and the construction of artificial solid electrolyte interphases (SEI). This review provides a concise overview of the working principles and key components of various magnesium‐based battery systems, with a particular focus on the challenges associated with magnesium anodes and the corresponding mitigation strategies. It aims to offer insights to guide future research and accelerate the practical development of magnesium metal batteries.